TECHNICAL WRITERS California Occupational Guide Number 138 Interest Area 11 1995
THE JOB
TECHNICAL WRITERS organize, interpret, write, and edit scientific and technical material. They establish communication between information and product developers such as scientists, engineers, programmers, product designers, and information and product users who also may be scientists and engineers, plant executives, production managers, line workers, and consumers. Writers must consider differences in the technical sophistication of their audiences by writing in a clear, concise, and easy-to-read manner for consumer publications or in highly specialized language for experts. Writers are also responsible for providing information to managers for use in decision making and to technicians for operation and maintenance of equipment. They may also design and develop training materials.
Technical Writers must thoroughly understand the equipment or procedure about which they are writing. This understanding is often acquired by studying data and conducting in-depth interviews with experts. They may index and cross-reference documents such as bulletins and manuals. They may consult with technical personnel involved with a project, the manufacturer, marketing, and/or customer service departments. Those writing computer documentation must become proficient users of the hardware and software.
Writers prepare rough drafts of the publication for review with the project staff and/or customers. Several revisions may be necessary before the final form is accepted. Assignments may include articles for company newsletters and trade journals, sales literature, research proposals and reports, publicity releases, catalogs, brochures, on-line documentation and help systems, multimedia presentations, and training, reference, and maintenance manuals.
Technical Writers may also coordinate writing projects and arrange for illustrations and photographs to be included in publications. They often are required to do their own design and layout.
WORKING CONDITIONS
Most technical writing is done at a desk in an office. However, during planning and production of publications, writers may be required to travel to another location to discuss a project with others.
The mechanics of technical writing and publishing have become increasingly sophisticated; Technical Writers now use personal computers and desktop publishing packages as typical tools for text, graphic and multimedia production.
The work is detailed and requires strong organizational skills and long periods of concentration to obtain and present specialized information within strict accuracy and format/style requirements. Workers often have deadlines to meet. Writers may work alone or together under the supervision of a publications chief or editor, a product or procedure specialist, or a marketing manager.
EMPLOYMENT OUTLOOK
Technical Writers are involved in a broad range of subject matter in diverse industries. Many are employed in manufacturing plants, research and development laboratories, training and development companies, health care and insurance companies, computer software and hardware firms, and as part of the staff of technical film makers. Many companies also employ writers to formalize internal policies and procedures. Some Technical Writers work for firms which provide technical writing services, while others do free-lance writing or independent contracting.
The following information is from the California Projections of Employment published by the Labor Market Information Division:
(December 1993). Estimated number of workers in 1990 6,080 Estimated number of workers in 2005 9,120 Projected Growth 1990 - 2005 50% Estimated openings due to separations by 2005 2,410
(These figures do not include self-employment nor openings due to turnover.)
During this fifteen-year projection period, employment for Technical Writers is projected to grow faster than the average for all occupations. Industry expansion will provide most new jobs, although many job opportunities will result from the need to replace those who leave the occupation for various reasons.
Reduction in military spending may decrease the need for Technical Writers in defense-related firms. Technical Writers are often among the first to go during layoffs. Employers state, however, that the supply of qualified applicants is insufficient and that the need will increase because of growing technological developments. Many employers feel that there will always be jobs available for Technical Writers with good technical backgrounds and computer and communication skills.
WAGES, HOURS, AND FRINGE BENEFITS
Beginning salaries for Technical Writers with less than two years experience average $32,000 per year. Writers with two to five years average $37,000. Those with six to ten years average $42,500 and those with 11 or more years average $47,500. Managers or those with advanced degrees can earn as much as $60,000 to $70,000 per year.
The normal workweek is 40 hours; however, this is often exceeded to meet publication deadlines. Some companies pay time and one-half for overtime, while others offer compensatory time off. Technical writing can be a highly specialized field, with many firms hiring writers on an independent contractor basis for specific projects. Free-lance and part-time work is often available. These writers may work on an hourly basis earning $15 to over $30 an hour. Earnings of some consultants can exceed $50 an hour.
Fringe benefits available in some companies include vacation, holidays, flexible hours, sick leave, bonuses, profit-sharing, health and life insurance, and retirement plans.
ENTRANCE REQUIREMENTS AND TRAINING
Some firms will only hire experienced writers who specialize in one field of technology, but many employers prefer applicants with a four-year college degree in communications, engineering or journalism, or those possessing a certificate in technical writing. Some employers require a strong background of technical knowledge and experience, combined with writing skills.
Applicants must have good computer skills and may also need a working knowledge of specific shop operations and procedures.
Employers also select trainees from among technicians who have backgrounds in science, military equipment, and communications. Applicants should have good communication skills and be able to convey scientific and technical information precisely, accurately, and clearly.
Increasingly, companies are requiring Technical Writers to be knowledgeable about computer graphics and desktop publishing, including multimedia production.. Only a few years ago, computer literacy was considered merely an asset whereas today it is a requirement.
Individuals interested in becoming Technical Writers should take courses in communication, journalism (especially interviewing skills), English, mathematics, physics, chemistry, mechanical drawing, graphic arts, and computer-related subjects. Completion of a college degree or certificate program in technical writing is very helpful. Beginners often assist experienced Technical Writers and may conduct library research, prepare rough drafts of reports, or perform basic editing tasks. U.S. citizenship is often required because of the classified nature of some projects.
ADVANCEMENT
Advancement for Technical Writers is basically limited; it usually takes the form of increased responsibility and pay raises. In some companies, writers can promote to project manager, product development, or marketing. Most senior Technical Writers complete projects with little or no supervision and must be thoroughly familiar with the project's subject matter.
FINDING THE JOB
Applicants should apply directly to technical writing firms (look under "Technical Manual Preparation" in the telephone Yellow Pages) and large companies with technical publication departments. They should also inquire at the local chapter of the Society for Technical Communication, Professional Communications Society of the IEEE, and local unions. College students should consult with their instructors and the school job placement office. Newspaper advertisements, mechanical and scientific trade journals, advertising agencies, and the California Employment Development Department are other sources of information. A resume is usually required.
ADDITIONAL SOURCES OF INFORMATION
The Society for Technical Communication (STC) 901 N. Stuart Street, Suite 904 Arlington, VA 22203-1854 (703) 522-4114
Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers (IEEE) Professional Communications Society 345 East 47th Street, New York, NY 10007 (212) 705-7900
RELATED OCCUPATIONAL GUIDES
Technical Illustrators No. 53 Careers in Multimedia No. 2006A
OCCUPATIONAL CODE REFERENCES
DOT(Dictionary of Occupational Titles, 4th ed., Rev.1) Writer, Technical Publications 131.267-026
OES (Occupational Employment Statistics) System Technical Writers 340050
Source: State of California, Employment Development Department,
Labor Market Information Division, Information Services Group,
(916) 262-2162.
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